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Twin Skegs and the Coble

 
Au sec

There is but one skeg on a "regular" boat. We chose to double it to let you pull the boat easily on shore. Indeed, when you are not alone, it's easy to carry Arwen's 30 kg. But when you have no help, you'll want to pull it on its skegs, while lifting only the bow. This will be easily done with one hand on the breasthook, and the boat will slide quietly balanced on these "skids".

The advantage of the twin skegs is that they provide 2 support points, instead of the single skeg on which the boat will pivot to bounce on one bilge and then on the next while twisting your hand until you surrender to foul language, unless you put all your attention to keeping the boat upright and none to choosing your path.... Furthermore, the weight of the boat is then divided by 2 at the friction points, which you'll enjoy most on sticky mud or soft sand!

It is true that duplicating the skegs also increases wetted surface. When on the water, you'll find the added drag negligible compared to the improvement in directional stability.

A l'air !
 
 

The Coble

 
Dessin d'un coble   Coble traditionnel à voile
 

The idea of the twin skegs came to me by looking at the hull of the "cobles", fishing vessels of the shore around Hull, on the north-eastern coast of England. Because of the lack of natural havens on this coast, the boats have always been stored clear out of water when not out fishing. Each time they go out to sea, they have to be drawn down the beach on rollers, and back up again when returning from a fishing trip. This practice is still in use today, except that tractors have replaced animal or human power for the handling operations of the boats. The hull shape of the cobles is the result of specialization in response to the necessity of going in and out of the water easily: the hull has very little draft because waters are shallow on these long beaches, and it has neither keel nor centerboard, which is compensated by a deep sharp bow, supplemented as soon as the bottom allows it with a narrow and deep rudder sharply raking forward, at the same angle as the transom on which it hinges.

The nessecity to launch or retrieve the coble in the surf led to strengthening the bow. It is indeed natural to launch bow first, whereas the beaching manoeuvre is surprising: as soon as the helmsman of a retruning boat feels the first touch on the bottom, he starts a 180° turn and lets the boat back up to shore, pushed by the surf transom to the beach and bow to the waves. This way, the waves will break on the most defended part of the boat while the risk of swamping is very diminished.

But I keep the most interesting for the end: for handling on shore the deep bow had to be balanced laterally to provide stability to this hull, because it it has to be brought from the top of the beach down to the sea, which can be a long way at low tide on a flat beach. This is how the coble's characteristic twin skids came about. They are solidly strengthened by iron bands because their function is limited to shore, they have very little use in the lateral plane of the sailing hull. The flat bottom became concave with the coming of the propeller and the need to preserve a shallow draft: lifting the bottom made room for a tunnel in which the propeller remains effective when the coble is touching bottom.

 

Charpente d'un coble moderne
The surprising structure of a modern coble: most amazing is the propeller "tunnel". In the background, the sharp and deep bow.
 
Coble en peinture A coble getting her new paint: we see the two skegs and the concave bottom. Cobles modernes sur la grève
Modern cobles on a beach near Hull: they all face the sea, even the tiny ones!
 
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A few years back, twin skegs made a big comeback! The Swedish martime engineering firm SSPA designed a few supertankers with twin skegs supporting propellers and rudders, in place of the usual single central propeller and rudder. According to SSPA, this design provides more buoyancy to the stern and thus allow a shortening of this non-cargo carrying part of the ship. For the same given length, the ship would then carry more cargo, while keeping a drag similar to a "classical" hull.

SSPA pretends that the twin propeller design reduces vibrations because the shared load on each propeller is smaller and they can thus turn at a slower rate than a single propeller, which increases efficiency. The engine room can also be shorter and further aft because the engines are smaller and easier to fit, which again increases cargo capacity. The ship is safer due to engine, propeller and rudder redundency... Why don't we see only twin skegs supertankers today ?

Unfortunately, during my research for these pages, I also found more recent studies by other engineering firms contradicting SSPA's design and conclusions, and presenting a different concept based on central propulsion, divided between a classical propeller and a second counter-rotating pod-based propeller on the same axis. Better efficiency, better handling... Who should we believe?

See below an ABB design of this concept, with a test model on the right (seen from the rear.) According to ABB, efficiency is 11% better than SSPA's twin skeg design.

Stena V-Max
Another example of twin skegs on a New-Zealand skiff: good ideas keep reappearing!
Autre exmple de skegs jumeaux sur un pétrolier
  . Hélice + pod

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Copyright Arwen Marine Emmanuel Conrath 2007 www.arwenmarine.com